5. Hybrid System Solar Cell/Thermoelectric Module (SC/TEM)
The hot surface of the TEM is connected to a heat sink to
enhance heat extraction. The other side of the TEM, i.e. the cold
side, is attached to the back side of the solar cell as shown in Fig. 5.
In a sunny day and for several hours during the day, the cell
a) b)
c)
Fig. 2. (a) The ambient temperature at Madinah site during 14e16 July 2011. (b) The ambient temperature at Madinah site during 18e20 July 2013. (c) The ambient temperature at
Madinah site during 18e20 August 2014.
Fig. 3. Basic single stage thermoelectric module.
M. Benghanem et al. / Renewable Energy 89 (2016) 51e59 53
temperature as exposed to solar irradiations, can reaches up to
60e80 C.