In summary, some physical properties of pellets, including length, diameter, unit density, bulk density, durability and fine content, were determined in this research. Some physical prop- erties of bamboo pellets were improved through mixing bamboo particles and rice straw particles, especially bulk density, durability and fine content. Compression formation of different materials utilizing natural binder or binding type of particles included attractive forces between solid particles, interfacial forces, capillary pressure, adhesive and cohesive forces, mechanical interlocking behavior and formation of solid bridges [21]. It was found in pre- liminary work that the bonding between particles was created mainly through solid bridges for bamboo pellets. This bonding for corn stover and switchgrass pellets has also been confirmed. The solid bridges between particles were made by natural binders in the biomass expressed during the densification process [22]. Bamboo and rice straw are mainly composed of hemicelluloses, cellulose and lignin, even though the contents of these composi- tions are different. Their cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin con- tents were showed in Table 1. It is well known that hemicelluloses, lignin and protein are essentially amorphous polymers in the bio- mass components. Activating (softening) the natural binders using moisture and temperature in the range of glass-transition is important to make durable particleeparticle bonding. Lignin has a glass-transition in the temperature range of 60 Ce200 C, depending upon the moisture content and measuring technology [23]. Olsson and Salmen showed that the a1 transition of moist wood usually occurs between 60 C and 95 C, due to the glasse rubber transition of lignin [24]. Hemicelluloses had a glass-transi- tion of between 23 C and 200 C, depending upon the moisture content [25]. In the pelletization process, the difference in particle bonding and physical properties of bamboo pellets probably
In summary, some physical properties of pellets, including length, diameter, unit density, bulk density, durability and fine content, were determined in this research. Some physical prop- erties of bamboo pellets were improved through mixing bamboo particles and rice straw particles, especially bulk density, durability and fine content. Compression formation of different materials utilizing natural binder or binding type of particles included attractive forces between solid particles, interfacial forces, capillary pressure, adhesive and cohesive forces, mechanical interlocking behavior and formation of solid bridges [21]. It was found in pre- liminary work that the bonding between particles was created mainly through solid bridges for bamboo pellets. This bonding for corn stover and switchgrass pellets has also been confirmed. The solid bridges between particles were made by natural binders in the biomass expressed during the densification process [22]. Bamboo and rice straw are mainly composed of hemicelluloses, cellulose and lignin, even though the contents of these composi- tions are different. Their cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin con- tents were showed in Table 1. It is well known that hemicelluloses, lignin and protein are essentially amorphous polymers in the bio- mass components. Activating (softening) the natural binders using moisture and temperature in the range of glass-transition is important to make durable particleeparticle bonding. Lignin has a glass-transition in the temperature range of 60 Ce200 C, depending upon the moisture content and measuring technology [23]. Olsson and Salmen showed that the a1 transition of moist wood usually occurs between 60 C and 95 C, due to the glasse rubber transition of lignin [24]. Hemicelluloses had a glass-transi- tion of between 23 C and 200 C, depending upon the moisture content [25]. In the pelletization process, the difference in particle bonding and physical properties of bamboo pellets probably
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