Carbaryl and malathion applications were made at the set time intervals normally practiced by Guam farmers.The amount of spray solution per application was 95 L/ha for small plants (up to 45 days after transplanting/DAT) and 190.0 L/ha for larger ones (45 DAT until harvest). All the chemicals were applied with motorized backpack sprayers (Solo Brand; Forestry Suppliers, Jackson, Mississippi) equipped with an adjustable, flat spray, hollow cone, jet streamnozzle, with pressure (45 psi ¼ 310 kPa) calibrated to deliver desired quantity of spray per hectare.