1. Falls
Falls are prominent among the external
causes of unintentional injury. They
are coded as E880-E888 in International
Classification of Disease-9 (ICD-9), and as
W00-W19 in ICD-10, which include a wide
range of falls including those on the same
level, upper level, and other unspecified
falls. Falls are commonly defined as “inadvertently
coming to rest on the ground,
floor or other lower level, excluding intentional
change in position to rest in furniture,
wall or other objects”.
a) Problems in defining falls.
The adoption of a definition is an
important requirement when studying
falls as many studies fail to specify an
operational definition, leaving room for
interpretation to study participants. This
results in many different interpretations
of falls. For example, older people tend to
describe a fall as a loss of balance, whereas
health care professionals generally refer to
events leading to injuries and ill health (1).
Therefore, the operational definition of a fall
with explicit inclusion and exclusion criteria,
is highly important.
2. Magnitude of falls worldwide
a) Frequency of falls.
Approximately 28-35% of people aged of
65 and over fall each year (2-4) increasing
to 32-42% for those over 70 years of age
1. FallsFalls are prominent among the externalcauses of unintentional injury. Theyare coded as E880-E888 in InternationalClassification of Disease-9 (ICD-9), and asW00-W19 in ICD-10, which include a widerange of falls including those on the samelevel, upper level, and other unspecifiedfalls. Falls are commonly defined as “inadvertentlycoming to rest on the ground,floor or other lower level, excluding intentionalchange in position to rest in furniture,wall or other objects”.a) Problems in defining falls.The adoption of a definition is animportant requirement when studyingfalls as many studies fail to specify anoperational definition, leaving room forinterpretation to study participants. Thisresults in many different interpretationsof falls. For example, older people tend todescribe a fall as a loss of balance, whereashealth care professionals generally refer toevents leading to injuries and ill health (1).Therefore, the operational definition of a fallwith explicit inclusion and exclusion criteria,is highly important.2. Magnitude of falls worldwidea) Frequency of falls.Approximately 28-35% of people aged of65 and over fall each year (2-4) increasingto 32-42% for those over 70 years of age
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