The researchers concluded that female participants in martial arts programs are highly motivated by health benefits and tangible outcomes than the male participants.
However, less experience participants responded higher than more experience participants on Utilitarian.
Perhaps this was caused by financial incentives given by the managers in martial arts industry for recruiting more new members.
The finding also indicated that the participants of self-defense rated Health and Utilitarian higher than ones of modern style of martial arts.
This could be attributed to that self-defense has been perceived for more health and fitness benefits and more economic values compared to other styles of martial arts.
The study supported conceptual framework in which the individuals participated in various forms of sports could be motivated by discrepant factors and affected by their characteristics.