Smith, S. L. J. 1988. "Defining Tourism: A Supply-Side View." Annals of Tourism Research 15(2):179-190.
This paper proposes a supply-side definition of the tourism industry which is seen as being consistent with the definition of other industries. "Tourism is the aggregate of all businesses that directly provide goods or services to facilitate business, pleasure, and leisure activities away from the home environment." Two tiers of businesses are seen as being part of the tourism industry: one tier composed of businesses that serve exclusively tourists, and another tier composed of businesses that serve a mix of tourists and local residents. These tiers are operationally defined from several Statistics Canada data sources and the Standard Industrial Classification codes. A key strength of the proposed definition is that it permits both conceptualization and measurement of tourism in a way that is consistent with other economic activity.