. Cardiac output and stroke volume decreased, while heart rate, rate-pressure product and the low- to high-frequency ratio of heart rate variability increased only after the exercise session ( − 0.5 ± 0.1 L/min, − 9.3 ± 2.0 ml, +3.8 ± 1.6 bpm, + 579.3 ± 164.1 mmHg.bpm and +0.71 ± 0.34, P ≤ 0.05)