2.4. Batch adsorption experimentsThe adsorption kinetics experiments were carried out by putting the prepared antibiotic solutions as adsorbates and APBCs as adsorbents into conical flasks. 100 mL NOR solution (initial concentration: 25 mg/L, pH: 6.0 ± 0.1) and 10 mg APBCs were taken into a conical flask, and then the conical flask was putted into a thermostatic oscillator (rotating speed: 180 rpm, temperature: 25 °C) to maintain uniform mixing. During the adsorption process, the samples were taken out at a predetermined interval, and the concentrations of NOR in the solution were measured by UV-Vis-AIR spectrophotometer after filtration. After the adsorption experiments, APBCs were collected for FTIR characterization. The experimental process and conditions of CIP and ENR adsorption kinetics followed the same as that of NOR. The initial concentrations of both CIP and ENR solutions were 20 mg/L. In the adsorption isotherm experiments, the initial concentration ranges of NOR, CIP and ENR were 20–40 mg/L. After 48 h of adsorption, the samples were taken out and filtered to determine the concentration. All experiments were three groups of parallel experiments.