decrease in the money supply raises the interest rate to higher levels, affecting both the current
and the financial accounts. The higher cost of borrowing induces firms to cut their equipment
investment, causing the economy to contract, thus lowering the trade deficit and improving the
current account (a move along the new IS curve). Higher interest rates trigger further financial
capital inflows and the financial account continues to improve.
Both effects have a positive impact on the balance of payments. To reach the new equilibrium
where the goods market equilibrium, the money market equilibrium, and the external balance are
achieved at point c, the interest rate must rise sufficiently until the financial account surplus
exactly offsets the current account deficit.
The new equilibrium in the goods, money, and external markets at point c does not coincide with
the original level of output at point a. Indeed fiscal policy is moderately effective in raising
output under fixed exchange rates and low degrees of capital mobility since income increased
from Y0 to Y2. We also note that, since we have moved from point a to point c on the BP=0 line,
the trade deficit has increased (due to a higher level of output Y), and it is now financed by
larger capital inflows (the interest rate in c is higher than in a). The capital inflows are thus
financing the trade deficit such that FA = −CA to restore BP=0.