Table 2 Secondary survey: systems approach for the
ventilated patient
System Assessment parameters
Neurological • Glasgow Coma Score
• Ability to communicate
• Sedation score
• Degree of neuromuscular
blockade
• BIS monitoring
Respiratory Artificial airway:
• Tube placement
• Tube security
• Cuff status
Airway patency:
• Assessment of lung secretions
(suctioning)
• Adequacy of humidification
Breathing:
• Respiratory rate, volume and
pressure
• ABG analysis
• Pulse oximetry
• Capnometry
Cardiovascular • Heart rate and rhythm
• Blood pressure
• Central venous pressure
• Peripheral perfusion
• Chest X-ray interpretation
• Measurement of cardiac
output
• Observe for signs of DVT
Gastrointestinal • Abdominal
discomfort/distension
• Presence of bowel sounds
• Amount and characteristics of
gastric aspirates
• Frequency of bowel
movement
• Physical strength and body
weight
• Serum phosphate level
• Liver function tests
Metabolic • Temperature
• Blood glucose level
Renal • Urine output
• Serum electrolytes, urea and
creatinine levels
Skin integrity • Pressure ulcer risk
• Observe for presence of
pressure ulcers