2.2.1 Selection of Development Environment
The development environment consists of three main characteristics: a) Power, b) Flexibility and c)
Accessibility. As for the tool of the design, current software programs, Adobe Flash Professional CS5.5 were
selected as the development environment. The software includes 2D authoring tool that support for creating
interactive and dynamic multimedia content and also provide support for publishing mobile applications or apps
for iOS and Android market. The software also provides powerful and accessible programming language, known
as Actionscript. This programming language is easily accessible even to those who are not familiar with coding
opens to develop the project with the software. Thus, this development environment is adequately powerful,
2.2.3Product design and development
In this study, four iPad apps were developed as instructional tool to facilitate students learning in Authoring
System subject. As mentioned earlier, these apps were developed with Adobe Flash Professional CS5.5. In R2D2
model, Willis (1995) had listed out several components involve in the product design and development including:
a) surface design, b) interface design and c) instructional strategies. The surface design refers to several aspects
like the typography, language and graphics used in the study.
Besides focusing on the surface design, project designer also focuses on the aspects of interface design. The
interface design highlights several criteria including the ‘cosmetic’ part of the project, usability, user interaction,
navigation, user experience and also system support. For example, the use of text, button and graphics to show
learners which section they are in. Adams et al. (2008) stated that the interface design is as important as it will
support general features as example, to make a simulation engaging and easy to use for the users, and the types of
controls that could enhance students’ engagement in learning. Moreover, Oppermann (2002) also agreed that the
presentation of the content is important as it will permit the learners to interact with content efficiently.