Method
Participants and procedure
Participants were 158 children (Mage = 11.64 years, SD = 0.61, range = 10.33–13.17, 50.5% boys)
from 6 fifth- and sixth-grade classrooms in 4 elementary schools in The Netherlands. The average
classroom size was 26 students (range = 19–34). None of the schools or participants in Study 1 was
also part of Study 2. Data collection took place during the second semester (February–March). Teachers
and parents were asked for consent as described in Study 1, and 16 parents did not consent to their
children’s participation.