The release of TC from TC-SFMs plateaued and neared completion in 24 h. Significantly
higher viability was noted achieved in 1% and 5% TC-SFMs. The morphology of GMSCs
on TC-SFMs at 0% and 1% concentration showed spindle shapes, but cells in 10% TC-SFMs
appeared spheroid. During Alizarin Red S staining at 21 d of osteogenic differentiation,
calcium and osteocalcin formation were significantly lower in the 10% TC-SFM group than in
the 0, 1, and 5 groups.