Papavassiliou (2002) extended the workflow meta-model of the
WfMC (workflow management coalition) to include KM tasks that
support knowledge-intensive business processes. Their extended
model explicitly included KM tasks and knowledge objects.
However, among various business processes, they focused on
knowledge-intensive and weakly structured processes. Jablonski,
Horn, and Schlundt (2001) combined business process modeling
with KM and developed process-oriented KMS prototype for car
manufacturing. Woitsch and Karagiannis (2005) proposed a service-
based approach in which the KM services separate technical
implementation and conceptual requirements. However, the relationship
between KM services and business process was not shown
in their study.