In this experiment, the cookies containing the treated GBR
showed the lowest degrees of firming during storage among those
tested. The heat-moisture treatment induces a rearrangement of
structural network in flour. The degraded starch chains and other
small molecules might involve the rearrangement in the way that
the starch chain associations were inhibited. Additional experiments
should be done for the clear understanding of this phenomenon.
Overall results showed that the substitution wheat flour
with the heat-moisture treated GBR flour was effective in
improving the nutritive and physical qualities, and storage stability
of the cookies.