Preprocess sampling and microbiological testing of equipment by conventional microbiological methods may not be useful because of the time required after sampling to obtain results. Generally, production will begin before sites with unacceptable numbers or types of microorganisms are identified. Application of ATP bioluminescence for monitoring sanitation and hygiene has recently gained some acceptance in the food industry and may offer some evidence of surface cleanliness and hygiene. However microbiological analysis of preoperative samples taken of equipment surfaces may be a useful technique to verify historically the efficacy of the cleaning and sanitizing procedures in order to evaluate the performance of the cleaning and sanitizing crew or the cleanability of a particular piece of equipment.