Assessment of the initial state of newborns is of critical importance to
detect possible developmental difficulties and to guide the implementation
of intervention programs trying to prevent or palliate the effect of
those difficulties. The NBAS (Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale)
[1] is recognized as a valuable scale for the assessment of early
neurobehavioral development for clinical [2] and research purposes
[3–5], and it has beenwidely used to assess either children at risk or children
not at risk. In the case of preterm children, an initial assessment is
evenmore relevant because they are at risk of developmental disabilities
due to their immaturity, which may negatively affect the development
of motor, attention, organization of state, interaction or self-regulation
abilities. In spite of this, there is a dearth of comparative studies between
preterm (PR) and full term (FT) children using the NBAS. In this investigation
theNBAS has been used to compare a group of PR and FT children.