where fr ¼ front surface, bk ¼ back surface, tp ¼ top surface, bt ¼ bottom surface, rt ¼ right surface, and lt ¼ left
surface. Each integral is evaluated separately, and because we chose the six surfaces such that they are parallel to
coordinates, their evaluation is straightforward. To do so, we will also assume the vector A to be constant over each surface,
an assumption which is justified from the fact that these surfaces tend to zero in the limit. Since the divergence will be
calculated at point P(x,y,z), we take the coordinates of this point as reference at the center of the volume as shown in
Figure 2.16b. The front surface is located at x + Δx/2, whereas the back surface is at x – Δx/2. Similarly, the top surface is at
z + Δz/2 and the bottom surface at z – Δz/2, whereas the right and left surfaces are at y + Δy/2 and y – Δy/2, respectively.
With these definitions in mind, we can start evaluating the six integrals. On the front surface,