The authors utilized a number of indicators to construct maritime, air, and land transport and logistics indicators: UNCTAD’s liner shipping connectivity index (LSCI); air and land transport
infrastructure indicators; specific LPI responses regarding warehousing fees, infrastructure
quality, and competence and quality of services; and overall LPI performance scores. The four
indicators are built to depict performance gaps between each APEC economy and the region’s
lead scorer. They are then combined into a composite indicator of multimodal transport.