3.1. The Islamic Garden
Formerly, the Islamic garden was designed as the earthly symbol of paradise. The term Islamic garden
was first acknowledged during the establishment of the Persian garden in the seventh century (Haaga,
2005). It is claimed as the basis for the Islamic garden and the inspiration of the Persian garden has been
adopted in several other prominent Islamic gardens, for instance, the Moghul gardens in Kashmir, India
and the Alhambra and the Generalife, Southern Spain. The influence of the Spain garden has spread
throughout the world until the 20th century, and the evidence of the influence can be traced for instance,
the revival garden in California and Mexico. The Islamic garden promotes the concept of simplicity, and;
therefore, the sense of the Islamic garden are well adapted in the modern world. Petruccioli (1998) states,
the inspiration for the Islamic garden, first catch the attention of the European culture during the 17th
century. The Islamic garden is perceived as one of the seductive symbols of a new exotic world, describes
as a place where the novel taste for space and decoration was freely expressed. The influence of the
Islamic garden can be seen through the garden design in Florence and the Royal Pavilion of Brighton,
England. In the 19th century, the expansion of the Islamic garden’s influence has become a glamorous
fashion whereby it was selected as one of the official architectural styles in the World Fairs. The
influences of the Islamic garden continue throughout the 19th century until the beginning of the 20th
century, before it slowly disappears due to the modern movement. The flow of the development of the
Islamic garden is presented as follows: