Most guidelines recommended the referral of patients withmore advanced disease and uncontrolled blood pressure.Seven (44%) guidelines19,23,26,28–30,33 recommended thatpatients should be referred to a nephrologist if they had anestimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of <30 mL/minper 1.73 m2; or uncontrolled hypertension;19,22,26,28,30,31,33 persistentproteinuria19,26–31 or unexplained anaemia.19,28,33Some guidelines stated that the patient’s age23,30,33 and presenceof unexplained haematuria26–28,33 should be consideredas indicators for referral to a nephrologist. Two (13%) guidelinesalso recommended that patients with acute renal failure28,29should be referred as well as patients with othersuspected genetic or rare cause of renal disease.26
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