Ash content was determined by charring samples overnight at 550 C (AOAC, 1990).
The moisture content was determined by drying samples for 4 h at 105 C until constant weight was achieved.
Carbohydrate content was calculated by difference.
The peroxide value (PV) was determined by the modified AOAC method (1990) and expressed as milliequivalents of oxygen per kilogram of lipid.