There are eighteen species of penguin in the world today. Two species – Adelie and the Emperor penguins – live in Antarctica, but the others live in the southern oceans, and they spend most of their time ( sometimes as much as 80 % of it ) in the sea. All penguins have black backs and white fronts; this helps to protect them when they are in the water, because it is difficult to see them from above or from below. They do not have the same wings and tails as birds that fly in the air; they have little short wings and tails, and big feet which help them to ‘fly’ in the water. But different species have different colours on their heads, and penguins can be as small as a chicken or as big as a small child.