Abbreviations: AGP, apical growing point; ANOVA, analysis-of-variance; DP, flo-ral bud differentiation phase; FAA, formalin–aceto-alcohol; HE, hematoxylin-eosin;LD, long-day; LED, light-emitting diode; PPF, photosynthetic photon flux; SD, short-day; TDC, “Tiramisu Double Cream”; VGT, vegetative growth trait.