4 Conclusions
Selected physical properties were examined to show the effects of BSG as an ice
cream stabilizer compared to an unstabilized sample or a combination of CMC and
guar at two concentrations. To determine the cryoprotective function of BSG, ice
creams were subjected to heat shock and ice crystal size before and after cycling were
measured and compared. This hydrocolloid significantly reduced the values of X50
and the width of the ice crystal size distribution compared to the commercial gums.
The mechanisms of action of BSG in reducing ice crystal growth, e.g., the possible
ability of BSG to form a cryo-gel during freezing and thawing, should be studied in
F1 F2 F3 F4
F5
Fig. 4 Microstructure of ice cream samples without stabilizer (F1) and containing 0.1% BSG (F2), 0.1%
CMC/guar (F3), 0.2% BSG (F4), or 0.2% CMC/guar (F5) after temperature cycling
Basil seed gum as an ice cream stabilizer 283
further detail. Besides the ice structures, BSG incorporation also induced changes in
the colloidal structure of the ice cream, specifically the fat and air structures. Large
aggregates were shown by particle size analysis, which may be related to the network
structure formation of BSG through its emulsifying capacity. Cryo-SEM images
demonstrated smaller air cells in the presence of BSG. Further investigations, such
as rheological behavior during thawing (viscoelastic properties as a function of
temperature), fat and protein analysis in drip and remaining portions during meltdown
test, and air bubble size in ice cream, are required for better understanding of the
structural changes that occurred with incorporation of BSG. Finally, sensory analyses
of ice creams containing BSG need to be conducted.
4 Conclusions
Selected physical properties were examined to show the effects of BSG as an ice
cream stabilizer compared to an unstabilized sample or a combination of CMC and
guar at two concentrations. To determine the cryoprotective function of BSG, ice
creams were subjected to heat shock and ice crystal size before and after cycling were
measured and compared. This hydrocolloid significantly reduced the values of X50
and the width of the ice crystal size distribution compared to the commercial gums.
The mechanisms of action of BSG in reducing ice crystal growth, e.g., the possible
ability of BSG to form a cryo-gel during freezing and thawing, should be studied in
F1 F2 F3 F4
F5
Fig. 4 Microstructure of ice cream samples without stabilizer (F1) and containing 0.1% BSG (F2), 0.1%
CMC/guar (F3), 0.2% BSG (F4), or 0.2% CMC/guar (F5) after temperature cycling
Basil seed gum as an ice cream stabilizer 283
further detail. Besides the ice structures, BSG incorporation also induced changes in
the colloidal structure of the ice cream, specifically the fat and air structures. Large
aggregates were shown by particle size analysis, which may be related to the network
structure formation of BSG through its emulsifying capacity. Cryo-SEM images
demonstrated smaller air cells in the presence of BSG. Further investigations, such
as rheological behavior during thawing (viscoelastic properties as a function of
temperature), fat and protein analysis in drip and remaining portions during meltdown
test, and air bubble size in ice cream, are required for better understanding of the
structural changes that occurred with incorporation of BSG. Finally, sensory analyses
of ice creams containing BSG need to be conducted.
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