Alves et al. (2006) brought up the specific need for the cross-cultural study of
self-leadership, explaining that "further theoretical and empirical research is needed to
investigate the practice of self-leadership in other cultures" (p. 357). Particularly in
regard to the cultural aspects of how communication and language relate to selfleadership,
Alves et al. stated, "We should also investigate whether the relation between
language and thinking is the same for every culture" (p. 357).