The Effectiveness of Computer-Assisted Instruction in Teaching
Introductory Statistics
The focus of this study is to demonstrate and discuss the educational advantages of Computer Assisted
Instruction (CAI). A quasi-experimental design compared learning outcomes of participants in an
introductory statistics course that integrated CAI to participants in a Lecture-only introductory statistics
course. Reviews of participants’ identical midterm and final exams scores demonstrated that participants in
Lecture-plus-CAI section obtained higher averages on midterm and final exams than participants in the
Lecture-only sections and these higher averages likely were because of their better performance on
concepts and practices that were taught in both regular lecture and CAI course. In addition, when the topics
of the introductory statistics course moved from descriptive statistics to inferential statistics, the learning
gap between Lecture-only and Lecture-plus-CAI is increased. Findings suggest participants’ learning
capacity of the introductory statistics could be improved successfully when CAI used as a supplement to
regular lecture in teaching introductory statistics course.
COMPUTER IN EDUCATION: Computer Assisted Instruction
In education, we use the computer for teaching/learning and the management of education. The use of the computer for teaching/learning is referred to as Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI). Its use in the management of education is called Computer-Managed Instruction (CMI).
Computer Assisted Instruction
CAI is an automated instructional technique in which a computer is used to present an instructional programme to the learner through an interactive process on computer. It is an instructional technique in which the computer instructs the students and the computer contains a stored instructional programme designed to inform, guide, control and test the students until a prescribed level of proficiency is reached.
In CAI, ideally, as learners embark upon a course of instruction, the computer assesses their initial competence and diagnoses their difficulties, if any. The assessment and diagnosis are continued at every step in the teaching/learning process. With a versatile computerized Programmed Instruction, the learners are enabled to individually proceed performance. Similarly, instruction proceeds on the basis of:
1. each learner’s achievement at every stage;
2. available instructional alternatives and
3. set criteria of competence.
In this type of learning environment, learners would start their learning from different points, take different learning routes, and finish at different times. Nonetheless the computer is able to keep a record and analyse the outputs of all the learners, provide them with immediate knowledge of results, and enable teachers to maintain quality control. In other words, the computer makes it possible for us to coordinate, control, schedule the rapidly changing activities of the various learners, and promote effective and efficient learning. The mainframe computers and minicomputers are particularly good for this function, because of their large memory and storage capacities when compare with those of the microcomputers.
In a CAI situation where every learner is at an individual work-station within a network, those needing help with an assignment can sent a one-line message to the instructor, or to another learner, without disturbing others in the group. Specifically, the teacher can monitor learner progress by electronically scanning the display screens of particular class members, or of entire class in turn. Where help, encouragement, or even discipline is needed, the teacher can respond immediately, quietly without disruption the class. The feedback may be given by sending a message to the learner, of by intervening directly in the learner’s programme to make suggestions, use illustrative examples, and provide on-line counseling.
Also, when a learner is working on a problem that may be of interest to the rest of the class, the teacher can broadcast that learners display screen to every other workstation in the network. This development and that of interaction between learners meet the objection of those who complained of “computer obstructed education”. Their objection was the individualized nature of CAI did not enable learners to work together in social situations, interacting, learning from, teaching and examining one another.
The tendency nowadays is for each pupil to work on her/his own at a workstation without being networked. Even with this arrangements it is still possible for the children to interact with one another.
On the whole, the sequence of learning and the amount of time spent on learning tasks are determined by the performance of the learners themselves in a CAI situation. Basically, the sequence adapts to the ability and the current competence of each learner in the subject matter being learned. This proce
The Effectiveness of Computer-Assisted Instruction in TeachingIntroductory StatisticsThe focus of this study is to demonstrate and discuss the educational advantages of Computer AssistedInstruction (CAI). A quasi-experimental design compared learning outcomes of participants in anintroductory statistics course that integrated CAI to participants in a Lecture-only introductory statisticscourse. Reviews of participants’ identical midterm and final exams scores demonstrated that participants inLecture-plus-CAI section obtained higher averages on midterm and final exams than participants in theLecture-only sections and these higher averages likely were because of their better performance onconcepts and practices that were taught in both regular lecture and CAI course. In addition, when the topicsof the introductory statistics course moved from descriptive statistics to inferential statistics, the learninggap between Lecture-only and Lecture-plus-CAI is increased. Findings suggest participants’ learningcapacity of the introductory statistics could be improved successfully when CAI used as a supplement toregular lecture in teaching introductory statistics course. COMPUTER IN EDUCATION: Computer Assisted InstructionIn education, we use the computer for teaching/learning and the management of education. The use of the computer for teaching/learning is referred to as Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI). Its use in the management of education is called Computer-Managed Instruction (CMI).Computer Assisted InstructionCAI is an automated instructional technique in which a computer is used to present an instructional programme to the learner through an interactive process on computer. It is an instructional technique in which the computer instructs the students and the computer contains a stored instructional programme designed to inform, guide, control and test the students until a prescribed level of proficiency is reached.In CAI, ideally, as learners embark upon a course of instruction, the computer assesses their initial competence and diagnoses their difficulties, if any. The assessment and diagnosis are continued at every step in the teaching/learning process. With a versatile computerized Programmed Instruction, the learners are enabled to individually proceed performance. Similarly, instruction proceeds on the basis of:1. each learner’s achievement at every stage;2. available instructional alternatives and3. set criteria of competence.In this type of learning environment, learners would start their learning from different points, take different learning routes, and finish at different times. Nonetheless the computer is able to keep a record and analyse the outputs of all the learners, provide them with immediate knowledge of results, and enable teachers to maintain quality control. In other words, the computer makes it possible for us to coordinate, control, schedule the rapidly changing activities of the various learners, and promote effective and efficient learning. The mainframe computers and minicomputers are particularly good for this function, because of their large memory and storage capacities when compare with those of the microcomputers.In a CAI situation where every learner is at an individual work-station within a network, those needing help with an assignment can sent a one-line message to the instructor, or to another learner, without disturbing others in the group. Specifically, the teacher can monitor learner progress by electronically scanning the display screens of particular class members, or of entire class in turn. Where help, encouragement, or even discipline is needed, the teacher can respond immediately, quietly without disruption the class. The feedback may be given by sending a message to the learner, of by intervening directly in the learner’s programme to make suggestions, use illustrative examples, and provide on-line counseling.Also, when a learner is working on a problem that may be of interest to the rest of the class, the teacher can broadcast that learners display screen to every other workstation in the network. This development and that of interaction between learners meet the objection of those who complained of “computer obstructed education”. Their objection was the individualized nature of CAI did not enable learners to work together in social situations, interacting, learning from, teaching and examining one another.The tendency nowadays is for each pupil to work on her/his own at a workstation without being networked. Even with this arrangements it is still possible for the children to interact with one another.On the whole, the sequence of learning and the amount of time spent on learning tasks are determined by the performance of the learners themselves in a CAI situation. Basically, the sequence adapts to the ability and the current competence of each learner in the subject matter being learned. This proce
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..