3. Results and discussion
Almost any organic material is suitable for composting process. The materials need a proper ratio of carbon-rich materials ‘browns’ and nitrogen-rich materials ‘greens’. Among the brown materials are dried leaves, straw and wood chips. Nitrogen materials are fresh or green such as grass clippings and kitchen scraps. The carbon provides energy for the microbes, and the nitrogen provides proteins. Mixing certain types of materials or changing the proportions can make a difference in the rate of decomposition. Achieving the best mix is more an art gained through experience than an exact science. Therefore, in the present study initially vegetable waste and saw dust were used for composting along with cattle manure for enhancing the microbial activities. Proportions of wastes were kept on changing on the basis of utilization of institutional wastes mostly vegetable waste and dry leaves. Thus, cattle manure stopped after 80th day of loading and saw dust fully replaced by dry leaves. Retained compost from 0.6 mm sieve contained mainly tree leaves was recycled as initial composting material. The drum composted material was tested for different chemical and biological parameters in different seasons including winter, spring and summer. It was revealed that compost required further maturation to be in compliance with the guidelines of various agencies for stability of compost. Therefore, in the present study windrow and vermicomposting methods employed for maturation of primary stabilized compost from rotary drum.
3. Results and discussion
Almost any organic material is suitable for composting process. The materials need a proper ratio of carbon-rich materials ‘browns’ and nitrogen-rich materials ‘greens’. Among the brown materials are dried leaves, straw and wood chips. Nitrogen materials are fresh or green such as grass clippings and kitchen scraps. The carbon provides energy for the microbes, and the nitrogen provides proteins. Mixing certain types of materials or changing the proportions can make a difference in the rate of decomposition. Achieving the best mix is more an art gained through experience than an exact science. Therefore, in the present study initially vegetable waste and saw dust were used for composting along with cattle manure for enhancing the microbial activities. Proportions of wastes were kept on changing on the basis of utilization of institutional wastes mostly vegetable waste and dry leaves. Thus, cattle manure stopped after 80th day of loading and saw dust fully replaced by dry leaves. Retained compost from 0.6 mm sieve contained mainly tree leaves was recycled as initial composting material. The drum composted material was tested for different chemical and biological parameters in different seasons including winter, spring and summer. It was revealed that compost required further maturation to be in compliance with the guidelines of various agencies for stability of compost. Therefore, in the present study windrow and vermicomposting methods employed for maturation of primary stabilized compost from rotary drum.
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