The presence of nitrogen and iron resulted in extending the absorption to the visible region. Under
aerated conditions, Fe ions can considerably promote the photogenerated charge separation and consequently
decrease the recombination rate of electron-hole pairs. The optimum iron content for Fe and N co-doped TiO2
was determined as 0.5 wt%. Photocatalyst loading of 3 g L−1 and air flow rate of 200 mL/min were identified as
optimum reaction conditions for photocatalytic desulfurization of the model fuel.