2.1. Light-Concrete, Styrofoam and Sugar Industry Fly-ash
Lightweight concrete is concrete containinglightweight aggregate that meets the requirements of ASTM-C.330 provisions and has unit mass of dry air as determined by ASTM-C.567 which has density no more than 1900 kg/cm. In manufacturing, lightweight concrete can be made with two methods. First method is to form a lightweight concrete using lightweight aggregates which are porous and have light density. The material produced is called as a light-weight aggregate concrete. The second method is to create a high pore in concrete either by adding air to the concrete or vacuumming the concrete. Light-weight concrete has been an option for developed countries to construct buildings, bridges and offshore building because its density is very low. Light-weight concrete is a building material that has been used by the people of Asia and Europe decades ago. Buildings with lightweight concrete are as a filler to reduce the risk of damage or collapsed by the earthquake due to the light mass of construction. Light-weight concrete is also able to reduce budget costs as the volume of structural elements such as columns, beams, floor plate and the foundation which can be reduced due to a light load