Texture analysis was conducted at room temperature (20 § 1 ° C) using a Texture Analyser (TAXT2, Texture.
Tech. Corp., Scarsdale, NY) equipped with a 2.5 cm diameter stainless steel cylindrical probe. Ice cream samples stored at ¡18 ° C for 1 month were tempered to ¡10 ° C for 24 h before analysis.
The conditions for analysis were as follows: penetration distance = 15 mm, force = 5.0 g, probe. speed during penetration = 3.3 mm s. ¡1 , Probe speed preand postpenetration = 3.0 mm s ¡1 .
The ice cream, which remained in the plastic cup, was penetrated in two places on its largest smooth surfaces and four measurements were recorded for each product.
Hardness was measured as the peak compression force (g) during the penetration of the sample, and adhesiveness as the negative peak force (g) during withdrawal.