most attempts to assess quality of different urban environment for people have employed objective measures derived either from primary field surveys or from analyses of secondary data sets. often extracted from the census. collectively this line of research has contributed valuable insight into the rating of urban places in terms of quality distribution of substandard housing. and the incidence of deprivation in the modern city. the objective perspective on the quality of urban lifespace has been peralleled by the development of an approach focused on the concept of urban