Several aspects with the wider context of co-benefits are also contained in this diagram, such as the public health and pollution elimination (e.g. the air pollution reduction) benefits. This kind of co-benefits achieved should be addressed in a building's lifecycle. However, the analysis on these benefits is out the range of this study because the research focus is put on the assessment of energy use, CO2 emissions and energy cost in the buildings' operation stage from the energy demand side in this paper.