Inclusion criteria for the study were as follows:
(1) full term singletons delivered vaginally, (2) moth-
ers who expressed a desire to practice breastfeeding
before the third postpartum day, (3) mothers without
maternal postpartum complications, (4) no maternal
preference for cup or bottle as the method of supple-
mentary feeding, (5) mothers who were informed
about the study and agreed to sign a consent form
and (6) babies with no congenital abnormalities that
would affect sucking ability