At the same time, without the relatively
straightforward conceptual apparatus of the
standard account, we need to formulate the
concept of democratic representation with a
rigor sufficient to identify and assess what has become a rich domain of representative
relationships—a concern that increasingly
drives the new literature (see, e.g., Williams
1998; Mansbridge 2003; Rehfeld 2006;
Rubenstein 2007; D. Castiglione, A. Rehfeld,
M.E.Warren, et al., unpublished manuscript).