Bivariate correlations
The pattern of associations within and between domains was generally
consistent with expectations (see Table 2). In particular, high levels
of peer antisocial behavior were related to high levels of peer corumination
and low levels of peer anger and sadness regulation. In
addition, the four youth emotion (parent and youth reports of anger
and sadness) regulation factors were all significantly and positively
related with each other. Also, high levels of youth and parent reports of
antisocial behavior were related to high levels of depressive symptoms.
Turning to the between-domain analyses, the correlations indicated
that high levels of peer antisocial behavior were significantly related to
high levels of youth antisocial behavior (youth and parent reports) and
youth depressive symptoms and low levels of anger regulation (youth
and parent reports). Unexpectedly, high levels of peer co-rumination
were correlated to with high levels of youth anger regulation and sadness
regulation (youth reports). The analyses also showed that high levels of
peer anger regulation were significantly related to high levels of adolescent
anger regulation and sadness regulation (youth and parent reports)
and low levels of youth antisocial behavior (youth and parent reports)
and depressive symptoms. Moreover, peer sadness regulation was significantly
and positively related to adolescent anger regulation (youth and
parent reports) and sadness regulation (youth reports) and significantly
and negatively related to youth antisocial behavior (youth and parent reports).
In addition, all four youth emotion regulation factors were significantly
and inversely related to adolescent antisocial behavior and
depressive symptoms with one exception: adolescent sadness regulation
(youth reports) was not significantly related to depressive symptoms.
Regarding the correlations involving the adolescent demographic
variables, the results showed that older adolescents reported higher
levels of peer antisocial behavior, youth antisocial behavior (youth
reports), and depressive symptoms and lower levels of peer sadness
regulation compared to younger youth. In addition, boys had signifi-
cantly higher levels of peer antisocial behavior and youth antisocial
behavior (youth and parent reports) and lower levels of anger regulation
(parent reports) and co-rumination. There was only one significant
ethnic difference: European Americans had significantly higher levels of
youth sadness regulation (parent reports) compared to ethnic minority adolescents. In addition, high levels of parent education were signifi-
cantly related to low levels of peer antisocial behavior, youth antisocial
behavior (parent reports), and depressive symptoms and significantly
related to high level of peer anger regulation. Finally, there were significantly
higher levels of parent education among European Americans
compared to ethnic minority families.