Double-diusive nger convection is studied experimentally in a transparent Hele-
Shaw cell for a two-solute system. A less dense sucrose solution is layered on top
of a more dense salt solution using a laminar flow technique, and convective motion
is followed photographically from the static state. We systematically increase solute
concentrations from dilute to the solubility limit of the salt solution while maintaining
a xed buoyancy ratio of approximately 1.08. Across the 14 experiments conducted,
the convective motion shows considerable variation in both structure and time scale.
We nd that new nger pairs form continuously within a nger generation zone where
complexity increases with Rayleigh number, reaches a peak, and then decreases for
highly concentrated solutions. The vertical nger length scale grows linearly in time
across the full concentration range. The vertical nger velocity also increases linearly
with Rayleigh number, but as the concentrations increase, deviation from linearity and
asymmetrical convection occur. The horizontal length scale grows as a power law in
time with the exponent constant over most of the range; again, deviations are observed
for highly concentrated solutions. The observed deviations at high concentrations are
attributed to the increasing nonlinearity in the governing equations as the solutions
approach their solubility limits. There, the fluid properties become functions of
solute concentration and vary signicantly within the experimental elds suppressing
structural complexity, imparting asymmetry to the convective motion, and influencing
emergent vertical and horizontal length scales and their growth.
Double-diusive nger convection is studied experimentally in a transparent Hele-
Shaw cell for a two-solute system. A less dense sucrose solution is layered on top
of a more dense salt solution using a laminar flow technique, and convective motion
is followed photographically from the static state. We systematically increase solute
concentrations from dilute to the solubility limit of the salt solution while maintaining
a xed buoyancy ratio of approximately 1.08. Across the 14 experiments conducted,
the convective motion shows considerable variation in both structure and time scale.
We nd that new nger pairs form continuously within a nger generation zone where
complexity increases with Rayleigh number, reaches a peak, and then decreases for
highly concentrated solutions. The vertical nger length scale grows linearly in time
across the full concentration range. The vertical nger velocity also increases linearly
with Rayleigh number, but as the concentrations increase, deviation from linearity and
asymmetrical convection occur. The horizontal length scale grows as a power law in
time with the exponent constant over most of the range; again, deviations are observed
for highly concentrated solutions. The observed deviations at high concentrations are
attributed to the increasing nonlinearity in the governing equations as the solutions
approach their solubility limits. There, the fluid properties become functions of
solute concentration and vary signicantly within the experimental elds suppressing
structural complexity, imparting asymmetry to the convective motion, and influencing
emergent vertical and horizontal length scales and their growth.
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Double-diusive nger convection is studied experimentally in a transparent Hele-
Shaw cell for a two-solute system. A less dense sucrose solution is layered on top
of a more dense salt solution using a laminar flow technique, and convective motion
is followed photographically from the static state. We systematically increase solute
concentrations from dilute to the solubility limit of the salt solution while maintaining
a xed buoyancy ratio of approximately 1.08. Across the 14 experiments conducted,
the convective motion shows considerable variation in both structure and time scale.
We nd that new nger pairs form continuously within a nger generation zone where
complexity increases with Rayleigh number, reaches a peak, and then decreases for
highly concentrated solutions. The vertical nger length scale grows linearly in time
across the full concentration range. The vertical nger velocity also increases linearly
with Rayleigh number, but as the concentrations increase, deviation from linearity and
asymmetrical convection occur. The horizontal length scale grows as a power law in
time with the exponent constant over most of the range; again, deviations are observed
for highly concentrated solutions. The observed deviations at high concentrations are
attributed to the increasing nonlinearity in the governing equations as the solutions
approach their solubility limits. There, the fluid properties become functions of
solute concentration and vary signicantly within the experimental elds suppressing
structural complexity, imparting asymmetry to the convective motion, and influencing
emergent vertical and horizontal length scales and their growth.
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