The copper co-catalyst has also been replaced with other reagents in modified versions of the reaction. This catalyst has been replaced with other zinc, tin, boron, aluminum, and Ag2O catalysts in the past, however, this co-catalyst and the Nitrogen atmosphere in which the reaction is normally performed have been the topics of a major effort by the scientific community to revise the reaction conditions.2 This effort has been spurred by an increasing awareness of issues with the current Sonogashira reaction’s efficiency and convenience.