Recent genetic studies provided more factors affecting
Hd3asupression during LD. An example is the E3
ubiquitin ligase, Spotted leaf 11, that was formerly known
as a negative regulator of disease resistance [38]. SPL11
protein controlsHd3aexpression through physical interaction with SPL11 interacting protein1 (SPIN1), the
STAR-domain protein with an RNA/DNA binding property, but whether this activity is essential for Hd3a
repression is unclear. OsMADS56 and Oryza sativa
LEC1 and FUSCA-LIKE1 (OsLFL1) attenuates Ehd1
expression during LD, and OsLFL1 has been proposed
to interact with Ehd1chromatin to downregulateEhd1
expression