Summary
In male rats, heavy chronic alcohol administration (36% of total calories=12–18 g/kg/day) can promote aromatization of androgens to estrogens in liver, but the data are equivocal for the hypothalamus. Alcohol-induced hepatic aromatization may be responsible for the feminization of some male alcoholics. Whether moderate alcohol consumption can promote hepatic aromatization in male rat is not known. Also, it is not known whether alcohol can promote aromatization in other tissue or organs of rats, such as adrenal glands, adipose tissue, bones, and skin.
In female rats, chronic alcohol administration did not promote aromatization in the hypothalamus exposed to alcohol in utero. In human placental tissue, the results are inconclusive because although ex vivo alcohol administration (less or more than 72 g/day) did not significantly affect the rate of aromatization, in vitro incubation of choriocarcinoma cells with alcohol (5–50 mM) resulted in increased estradiol secretion. Although results of studies with human ovarian granulosa cells show that alcohol can promote aromatization, the results cannot be applied to normal tissue because granulosa cells were obtained from women treated with gonadotropins. Results of studies with ovariectomized rats show that only heavy chronic alcohol intake (4.4 g/kg/day) for 10 weeks can increase plasma estradiol levels and uterine weight, which could be due to increased aromatization or delayed clearance of estradiol. Studies measuring the rate of aromatization are required to evaluate the ability of alcohol to promote aromatization of androgens. In postmenopausal women, because it is not clear whether alcohol can increase plasma estrogen levels, it is not possible to predict whether alcohol can promote aromatization. Thus, findings from available studies in the literature do not provide adequate information to evaluate fully the ability of alcohol to promote aromatization of androgens in females.
Further studies, in vitro and in vivo, are required in both genders to determine the ability of alcohol (moderate vs. heavy doses) to stimulate aromatization of androgens to estrogens in various tissue or organs.
สรุปในหนูเพศ แอลกอฮอล์หนักเรื้อรังดูแล (36% ของจำนวนแคลอรีทั้งหมด = 12 – 18 g/kg วัน) สามารถส่งเสริม aromatization ของ androgens ให้ estrogens ในตับ แต่ข้อมูล equivocal สำหรับ hypothalamus เกิดจากแอลกอฮอล์ตับ aromatization อาจชอบ feminization ของ alcoholics บางชาย ไม่ทราบว่า แอลกอฮอล์ปานกลางสามารถส่งเสริม aromatization ตับในหนูเพศชาย ยัง ไม่ทราบว่า แอลกอฮอล์สามารถส่งเสริม aromatization ในเนื้อเยื่อหรืออวัยวะของหนู เช่นต่อมหมวกไต เปลว กระดูก ผิวหนัง และอื่น ๆIn female rats, chronic alcohol administration did not promote aromatization in the hypothalamus exposed to alcohol in utero. In human placental tissue, the results are inconclusive because although ex vivo alcohol administration (less or more than 72 g/day) did not significantly affect the rate of aromatization, in vitro incubation of choriocarcinoma cells with alcohol (5–50 mM) resulted in increased estradiol secretion. Although results of studies with human ovarian granulosa cells show that alcohol can promote aromatization, the results cannot be applied to normal tissue because granulosa cells were obtained from women treated with gonadotropins. Results of studies with ovariectomized rats show that only heavy chronic alcohol intake (4.4 g/kg/day) for 10 weeks can increase plasma estradiol levels and uterine weight, which could be due to increased aromatization or delayed clearance of estradiol. Studies measuring the rate of aromatization are required to evaluate the ability of alcohol to promote aromatization of androgens. In postmenopausal women, because it is not clear whether alcohol can increase plasma estrogen levels, it is not possible to predict whether alcohol can promote aromatization. Thus, findings from available studies in the literature do not provide adequate information to evaluate fully the ability of alcohol to promote aromatization of androgens in females.Further studies, in vitro and in vivo, are required in both genders to determine the ability of alcohol (moderate vs. heavy doses) to stimulate aromatization of androgens to estrogens in various tissue or organs.
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