In particular, the hypertensive encephalopathy has an acute onset during 24-72hours and can be associated to retinal haemorrhage, retinal infarctions and papiledema with visual impairment. The treatment of hypertension should be progressive considering hydralazine, nifedipine, metoprolol, prazosin, labetalol and alfametildopa. In case of hypertensive emergency and hypertensive encephalopathy intravenous treatment with sodium nitroprusside, nitroglycerine or labetalol, should be initiated.