Potential ramifications of drug testing are loss of jobs or reputation, loss of benefits and pensions, loss of custody of children, denial of transplants, and revocation of probation or parole &emdash; landing more people in jail (thus, increasing the prison industrial system).
The National Academy of Sciences formed the Committee on Drug Use in the Workplace -- a team of nationally recognized experts -- to study the effectiveness of drug testing. They spent three years collecting, studying and synthesizing every significant study on the impact of drug use in the workplace. It was published in book form in 1994 as Under the Influence: Drugs and the American Workforce. Much of the information in this report was derived from this study.