While major cash outflows for most projects will be associated with plant andequipment expenditures, many times these expenditures will be accompanied by an increase in working capital needs. These increased needs are those associated with funds needed for inventories, payroll, and other cash needs and receivables from customers. As increased working capital needs involve the tying up of funds over the life of the project, they should be considered as cash outflows with the residual working capital being recovered at the termination of operations. In this case, the$200,000 needed for working capital should be considered an initial outflow and also an inflow at the end of the life of the project in year 15. At this point, some students may still feel that the investment and subsequent recovery of funds will balance each other out; here it should be emphasized that the present value equivalents of these flows are far from equal.