Homework III: Biodiversity conservation the Aichi Targets
Instruction
Read the given passage and summarize what you have learned about biodiversity. Turn in your
homework by November 27, 2015 in class.
Passage I: Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020 and the Aichi Targets
“Living in Harmony with Nature”
The Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, in 2010 in Nagoya, Japan, adopted the
Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 with the purpose of inspiring broad-based action in support
of biodiversity over the next decade by all countries and stakeholders. In recognition of the urgent
need for action the United Nations General Assembly has also declared 2011-2020 as the United
Nations Decade for Biodiversity. The Strategic Plan is comprised of a shared vision, a mission,
strategic goals and 20 ambitious yet achievable targets, collectively known as the Aichi Targets. The
Strategic Plan serves as a flexible framework for the establishment of national and regional targets
and it promotes the coherent and effective implementation of the three objectives of the
Convention on Biological Diversity.
The vision
“By 2050, biodiversity is valued, conserved, restored and wisely used, maintaining ecosystem
services, sustaining a healthy planet and delivering benefits essential for all people.”
The mission
“Take effective and urgent action to halt the loss of biodiversity in order to ensure that by 2020
ecosystems are resilient and continue to provide essential services, thereby securing the planet’s
variety of life, and contributing to human well-being, and poverty eradication. To ensure this,
pressures on biodiversity are reduced, ecosystems are restored, biological resources are sustainably
used and benefits arising out of utilization of genetic resources are shared in a fair and equitable
manner; adequate financial resources are provided, capacities are enhanced, biodiversity issues and
values mainstreamed, appropriate policies are effectively implemented, and decision-making is
based on sound science and the precautionary approach.”
The Aichi Biodiversity Targets
Strategic Goal A: Address the underlying causes of biodiversity loss by mainstreaming biodiversity
across government and society
Target 1: By 2020, at the latest, people are aware of the values of biodiversity and the steps
they can take to conserve and use it sustainably.
Target 2: By 2020, at the latest, biodiversity values have been integrated into national and
local development and poverty reduction strategies and planning processes and are being
incorporated into national accounting, as appropriate, and reporting systems.
Target 3: By 2020, at the latest, incentives, including subsidies, harmful to biodiversity are
eliminated, phased out or reformed in order to minimize or avoid negative impacts, and
positive incentives for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity are developed
and applied, consistent and in harmony with the Convention and other relevant
international obligations, taking into account national socio economic conditions.
Target 4: By 2020, at the latest, Governments, business and stakeholders at all levels have
taken steps to achieve or have implemented plans for sustainable production and
consumption and have kept the impacts of use of natural resources well within safe
ecological limits.
19 201 Biodiversity and Conservation: Class handout
November 13, 2015
2 | P a g e Provided by Adcharaporn Pagdee, Dept. of Environmental Science, KKU
Passage II: The Aichi Biodiversity Targets (cont.)
Strategic Goal B: Reduce the direct pressures on biodiversity and promote sustainable use
Target 5: By 2020, the rate of loss of all natural habitats, including forests, is at least halved
and where feasible brought close to zero, and degradation and fragmentation is significantly
reduced.
Target 6: By 2020 all fish and invertebrate stocks and aquatic plants are managed and
harvested sustainably, legally and applying ecosystem based approaches, so that overfishing
is avoided, recovery plans and measures are in place for all depleted species, fisheries have
no significant adverse impacts on threatened species and vulnerable ecosystems and the
impacts of fisheries on stocks, species and ecosystems are within safe ecological limits.
Target 7: By 2020 areas under agriculture, aquaculture and forestry are managed
sustainably, ensuring conservation of biodiversity.
Target 8: By 2020, pollution, including from excess nutrients, has been brought to levels that
are not detrimental to ecosystem function and biodiversity.
Target 9: By 2020, invasive alien species and pathways are identified and prioritized, priority
species are controlled or eradicated, and measures are in place to manage pathways to
prevent their introduction and establishment.
Target 10: By 2015, the multiple anthropogenic pressures on coral reefs, and other
vulnerable ecosystems impacted by climate change or ocean acidification are minimized, so
as to maintain their integrity and functioning.
Strategic Goal C: Improve the status of biodiversity by safeguarding ecosystems, species and genetic
diversity
Target 11: By 2020, at least 17 per cent of terrestrial and inland water, and 10 per cent of
coastal and marine areas, especially areas of particular importance for biodiversity and
ecosystem services, are conserved through effectively and equitably managed, ecologically
representative and well connected systems of protected areas and other effective areabased
conservation measures, and integrated into the wider landscape and seascapes.
Target 12: By 2020 the extinction of known threatened species has been prevented and their
conservation status, particularly of those most in decline, has been improved and sustained.
Target 13: By 2020, the genetic diversity of cultivated plants and farmed and domesticated
animals and of wild relatives, including other socio-economically as well as culturally
valuable species is maintained, and strategies have been developed and implemented for
minimizing genetic erosion and safeguarding their genetic diversity.
19 201 Biodiversity and Conservation: Class handout
November 13, 2015
3 | P a g e Provided by Adcharaporn Pagdee, Dept. of Environmental Science, KKU
Passage III: The Aichi Biodiversity Targets (cont.)
Strategic Goal D: Enhance the benefits to all from biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Target 14: By 2020, ecosystems that provide essential services, including services related to
water, and contribute to health, livelihoods and well-being, are restored and safeguarded,
taking into account the needs of women, indigenous and local communities, and the poor
and vulnerable.
Target 15: By 2020, ecosystem resilience and the contribution of biodiversity to carbon stocks
has been enhanced, through conservation and restoration, including restoration of at least
15 per cent of degraded ecosystems, thereby contributing to climate change mitigation and
adaptation and to combating desertification.
Target 16: By 2015, the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and
Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization is in force and operational,
consistent with national legislation.
Strategic Goal E: Enhance implementation through participatory planning, knowledge management
and capacity building
Target 17: By 2015 each Party has developed, adopted as a policy instrument, and has
commenced implementing an effective, participatory and updated national biodiversity
strategy and action plan.
Target 18: By 2020, the traditional knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous and
local communities relevant for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, and
their customary use of biological resources, are respected, subject to national legislation and
relevant international obligations, and fully integrated and reflected in the implementation
of the Convention with the full and effective participation of indigenous and local
communities, at all relevant levels.
Target 19: By 2020, knowledge, the science base and technologies relating to biodiversity, its
values, functioning, status and trends, and the consequences of its loss, are improved,
widely shared and transferred, and applied.
Target 20: By 2020, at the latest, the mobilization of financial resources for effectively
implementing the Strategic Plan 2011-2020 from all sources and in accordance with the
consolidated and agreed process in the Strategy for Resource Mobilization should increase
substantially from the current levels. This target will be subject to changes contingent to
resources needs assessments to be developed and reported by Parties.