Several conceptual models seek to describe and predict how MNEs might conduct IHRM on an abstract level from a macro, strategic perspective (Adler & Ghadar 1990; Evans & Lorange 1989; Evans, Pucik & Barsoux 2002; Milliman, Von Glinow & Nathan 1991; Nankervis, Compton & Baird 2002; Schuler et al 1993, 2002; Taylor, Beechler & Napier 1996; Welch 1994). What MNEs actually do and, more importantly, how they do it is not so well documented.