More recent earth reinforcement systems utilize geosynthetic materials, which are
deemed inert to attack by deicing salts used on the highways. Salts are a primary inducer
of corrosion in metal reinforcement. Long-term creep characteristics of geosynthetic
reinforcements, however, must be carefully considered. There are also increasingly
more specialty-type walls, such as the soil nail type for both temporary and permanent
wall locations, especially for slope stabilization where slope materials are appropriate
for nailing. Each of these wall types is discussed briefly in this chapter
life of the structure