The dyslipidemia observed with cigarette smoking mirrors the classic dyslipidemia of insulin-resistance that is characterized by elevated triglycerides (TG) and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) [95], with lesser effects on total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Enzymes that modulate this dyslipidemic profile, such as hepatic lipase and cholesterol ester transfer protein, are involved in mediating these effects [95]. Favorable changes are seen with smoking cessation, particularly increased HDL-C [96]. These effects are closely associated with changes in insulin resistance, and probably contribute to the overall cardiovascular risks of smoking.