Decreased and delayed consumption of foodstuffs with high sugar density and a lower frequency of meals and snacks at
1 year represent possible mechanisms explaining these results, as these variables are strongly associated with childhood caries (5, 22–25) and sugar consumption practices established in infancy tend to be maintained through the first years of life
(26). The higher proportion of exclusive breastfeeding, by delaying introduction of foods with high sugar content, may have indirectly impacted on the outcomes.