Post-authorisation safety or efficacy studies requested by competent authorities in Member States or the Agency in accordance with Directive 2001/83/EC or Regulation (EC) No 726/2004, or conducted voluntarily by marketing authorisation holders, can either be clinical trials or non-interventional post-authorisation studies as shown in Figure VI.1. The safety reporting falls therefore either under the scope of Directive 2001/20/EC for any clinical trials or under the provisions set out in Directive 2001/83/EC and Regulation (EC) No 726/2004 for any non-interventional post-authorisation studies. Suspected adverse reactions should not be reported under both regimes, that is Directive 2001/20/EC as well as Regulation (EC) No 726/2004 and Directive 2001/83/EC as this creates duplicate reports.