Madeleine Leininger is considered as the founder
of the filed of transcultural nursing.
Leininger has defined transcultural nursing as a
comparative study of cultures to understand
similarities (culture universal) and difference
(culture-specific) across human groups.
Illness and wellness are shaped by a various
factors including perception and coping skills, as
well as the social level of the patient.
Cultural competence is an important component of
nursing.